Cashflow Forecasting Software:
FAQs for Users

Note about Cashflow Plan Home (personal, household and home business cashflow planner):
Go here for details, free download and purchasing as this page mainly relates to business-related versions of Cashflow Plan.

1. This is a long page - allow time for it to fully load.
2. Use your browser's search or find facility to locate key words.
3. Save this page on your PC in your Cashflow Plan folder (CASH**) using File | Save as ...
4. This page is regularly expanded - Bookmark and revisit.
5. Suggestions for additional FAQs are very welcome via this Contact Form.
6. For more FAQs, see Frequently Asked Questions for Newcomers.
7. Cashflow Plan contains extensive online help (130+ topics) along with a 100-page Word-based version of its manual and a series of Flash-based tutorials (running for 19 minutes) covering setting up Excel, getting started, the basics and using Quik-Plan. These should answer any queries not covered below. An optional printed 130-page, spiral-bound manual (7" x 9") is also available.
8. The Super and Ultra versions are also supplied with a Cashflow Plan Consolidator Guide which is included in the download files for Cashflow Plan Super and Ultra.
9. If you still have a query or problem, see Support for Users.

1. Getting Started

These FAQs augment the extensive guidance on using Cashflow Plan contained in the online help, the 100-page Word-based version of its manual and a series of Flash-based tutorials (running for 19 minutes) covering setting up Excel, getting started, the basics and using Quik-Plan which are supplied with all version of Cashflow Plan.

These FAQs are based on the menu system used by Excel 5, 7, 8, 95, 97, 2000, XP and 2003. If using Excel 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016, 365 with its new Ribbon interface, you may wish to consult the interactive Excel 2003 to Excel 2007 and 2010 command reference guide (within Excel 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016's help) or get it on-line (or as a download) from Microsoft here.

Q. How do I configure Cashflow Plan to handle a service or distribution business?
There is no need to configure anything. As supplied, Cashflow Plan can accommodate a manufacturing, service or distribution business. To handle the latter, you simply ignore (i.e. set values to zero or empty after clearing assumption reports) the assumption variables which are irrelevant to your business type (e.g. finished inventory). For more detailed guidance, see the topic/appendix "Adapting Cashflow Plan to Different Business Types" in help/manual.

To automatically suppress the printing of empty rows in output reports, select *Setup | No empty rows printed. If desired, you can manually hide rows in an assumption report which are never used by unprotecting the sheet (press the "U" toolbar button), displaying row headers (Tools | Options | View), selecting the rows to hide and using Format | Rows | Hide. Note: Never delete unused rows or formulae.

Q. How do I decide on the best approach to using Cashflow Plan?
Have a look at the sections of the manual or help topics dealing with Structuring a Model and Adapting Cashflow Plan to Different Business Types. Start by entering basic, high-level assumptions to get an insight into how Cashflow Plan works and then progressively add detail and/or make simple changes to Cashflow Plan - see Making Simple Changes in the manual or online help. If you need further guidance, use this Contact Form.

Q. When should I create separate models (files) for each business unit within a single company?
If the business units are relatively small and there is extensive internal trading or shared resources, the best approach might be to treat all the business units as a single entity and use one of the more powerful versions of Cashflow Plan such as Super or Ultra which handle multiple revenue/cost streams.

If the business units are relatively independent with their own balance sheets, it would make sense to create separate models (i.e. Cashflow Plan files) for each unit and then consolidate the key results. The Super and Ultra versions of Cashflow Plan both contain a comprehensive tool for consolidating projections (i.e. cash flow and income statements plus forecast balance sheets) for subsidiary businesses using a special Report for Consolidation. This report is linked to an additional workbook (Cashflow Plan Consolidator) which facilitates the consolidation process and includes tools for changing currencies/ denominations and eliminating inter-company transactions. A Cashflow Plan Consolidator Guide is included in the download files for Cashflow Plan Super and Ultra.

Q. How do I use Cashflow Plan to forecast external funding needs?
Build your projections (sales, costs etc.) but, initially, exclude any assumptions about external funding. Run Cashflow Plan and review the rows in the monthly balance sheets relating to Line of credit (Overdraft). The peak values in these rows will indicate the external funding need. The next question is whether the funding peak can be lowered and what is the optimum type, terms etc. of funding - use Cashflow Plan to explore alternative scenarios. Check out our White Papers about Managing Working Capital, Making Cashflow Forecasts and Preparing Financial Projections.

Q. Can I use Cashflow Plan to produce more than one set of projections?
Yes, provided that the licensed copies of Cashflow Plan are all used on the same PC. There is no limit to the number of models that can be created - simply use new file names.

Q. What changes does Cashflow Plan make to Excel and Windows?
When installed, Cashflow Plan creates an install log and sets up a facility for uninstalling Cashflow Plan (using Control Panel | Add/Remove Programs). When Cashflow Plan runs within Excel, it makes some minor changes to the operation of Excel. These include hiding row/column headers, setting the calculation method to manual, and showing only the standard toolbar along with Cashflow Plan's own toolbar. Most changes are removed automatically when an Cashflow Plan file is closed and the balance disappear once Excel is re-started.

Q. Any problems if I use a comma (",") instead of a point (".") as the decimal symbol?
You may encounter a divide by zero message whenever you recalculate even though Cashflow Plan contains no such errors. Better to switch to using a point as the symbol via Control Panel, Regional Settings.

Q. Can I use Cashflow Plan as an accounting system?
In theory, yes. In practice, no. Not recommended!

Q. Can I overwrite Cashflow Plan's projections with actuals?
In theory, yes. In practice, with difficulty. Refer to Updating Projections with Actuals in the manual or online help. A much better use of Cashflow Plan in this context is to do analysis of variances by placing year-to-date actuals alongside the original projections - refer to Incorporating Actuals with Projections in the manual or online help. An extension of this approach would be to create reports which combine actuals for the year-to-date with projections for the remainder of the year. Note that if Cashflow Plan is used for these purposes, its roll-forward facility should not be used.

Q. Can I change variable descriptions?
Any variable descriptions shown in blue (i.e. unlocked) can be directly overwritten and the change will be replicated by formulae in all other worksheets. For many other variables, minor changes in wording are possible provided the sense of the variable remains unchanged (e.g. change Long-Term Loans to LT Debt).

Q. How do I change references to VAT (Value Added Tax) to GST (Goods & Services Tax) ?
You can define the term for input/output tax (e.g. GST, HST or VAT) so that the correct description appears throughout Cashflow Plan's reports via the menu option for *Setup | Basic Model Info ...

Q. How do I change the start date for projections, business name and so on?
This facility may not available in all trial versions of Cashflow Plan. In the fully-operational version, use the *Setup | Basic Info ... menu option to change start dates, business name and type.

Q. How do I change the names of the sales groups?
Use the *Setup | Assign Names to Sales Groups menu option to change descriptions of the main sales groups (two for Lite, four for Plus, six for Super & ten for Ultra).

Q. Why does Cashflow Plan fail to update values whenever I enter an assumption?
By design, Excel's automatic recalculation facility is turned off in all versions of Cashflow Plan. To recalculate a model, select the menu option *Setup | Calculate All & Check or click the button with the "tick" within the red/green circle. To recalculate the current worksheet, select the menu option *Setup | Calculate Sheetor click the button with the "X" within the circle.

Q. Can I change Cashflow Plan's print orientation to landscape?
Yes, you can do this by changing the Page Setup. We originally thought of offering users the option to specify the orientation for each report but opted against this because many of Cashflow Plan's reports would spill over into several landscape pages. This gets very messy when collating for presentations and reports. Our recommendation to users who need different layouts etc. is to photocopy Cashflow Plan's reports to secure the desired orientations, paper sizes, changed left margins for binding etc. etc. For example, where the text on some reports is too small, the best solution is to photocopy onto A3 paper (equivalent to double letter size) and then fold these pages into reports etc. as pull outs. However, if desired, File | Page Setup can be used to change almost any feature of a printed report including orientation, header/footer, margin widths etc. These are best done on a worksheet or report-by-report basis rather than by selecting several worksheets and making grouped changes.

Q. Should I always run Cashflow Plan by clicking on its menu option or icon within the Start menu or Program Manager?
This option/icon is set up during installation of Cashflow Plan and can be used to load Excel plus the supplied CASHPLAN.XLS file. It is really intended only for first-time use. Once Cashflow Plan has been fully installed, you should access Cashflow Plan by running Excel and then use its File | Open dialog to load Cashflow Plan files, usually in the C:\CASH* folder or directory. This suggestion is consistent with our advice that users should make regular copies of their Cashflow Plan files, to ensure minimal reworking in the event of system/software problems, using file names (e.g. PLAN-1.XLS, PLAN-2.XLS and so on).

Q. You supply Cashflow Plan as a 5.0/7.0 Excel file, can I convert it to the Excel 97, 2000, XP or 2003 file format?
We supply the file in the 5.0/7.0 to suit all versions of Excel from 5 upwards. If you are only using Excel 97, 2000, XP or 2003, it is a good idea to convert it to the latest format (i.e. using File | Save As ...). This will help eliminate the problem of losing the Cashflow Plan toolbar (see below) and will give you access to additional features included with the latest versions of Excel.

Q. How can I show row/column headings & grid lines?
Whenever Cashflow Plan loads, it turns off these items to maximize the display of reports etc. Cashflow Plan incorporates a menu option (at *Setup | Change View of Reports ...) to allow a user to automatically turn on/off the gridlines and row/column headings throughout Cashflow Plan's worksheets.

Q. How can I see the formulae inside Cashflow Plan?
Select View | Formula Bar and move the cursor to the relevant cells.

Q. Can I replace my very old copy of Cashflow Plan with the latest release?
If you are a paid-up registered user of Cashflow Plan, you are welcome to secure a copy of the latest release. To do this, send us an email or use the Contact Form giving the following details about your original purchase of Cashflow Plan:
  (a) your registered user name and/or organization.
  (b) your current version (i.e. Micro, Lite etc.) of Cashflow Plan.
  (c) approximate date (or serial number) of the invoice/delivery note or confirmation email sent
       by us when you originally purchased Cashflow Plan. Note that the Upgrade Code from the
       FRONT worksheet of your existing version of Cashflow Plan is not suitable as confirmation of
       purchase.

Alternatively (or in addition) you may wish to consider trading up to a more powerful version of Cashflow Plan at a specially reduced price (US$20 plus difference in price between existing and proposed version. VAT and other sales taxes may apply). Review the detailed description of the Cashflow Plan range to identify the most appropriate version to meet your changing needs. Get full details on trading up here. Once you have traded up, you can also continue using your original version.

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2. Specific Issues

These FAQs augment the extensive guidance on using Cashflow Plan contained in the online help, the 100-page Word-based version of its manual and a series of Flash-based tutorials (running for 19 minutes) covering setting up Excel, getting started, the basics and using Quik-Plan which are supplied with all version of Cashflow Plan.

These FAQs are based on the menu system used by Excel 5, 7, 8, 95, 97, 2000, XP and 2003. If using Excel 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016, 365 with its new Ribbon interface, you may wish to consult the interactive Excel 2003 to Excel 2007 command reference guide (within Excel 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016's help) or get it on-line (or as a download) from Microsoft here.

Q. How do I use the euro symbol "€" within Cashflow Plan?
The display of the euro symbol "€" by Cashflow Plan is an operating system, printer and Excel issue. Assuming that you have the proper operating system, updated printer fonts and a compliant version of Office there should be no problems. If this is not the case, you may wish to refer to following Microsoft pages:

https://www.microsoft.com/windows/euro.asp
https://www.microsoft.com/technet/treeview
/default.asp?url=/euro/Default.asp
https://www.microsoft.com/typography/faq/faq1

If the euro symbol has been installed but you have no dedicated key for it on your keyboard, you can use either of the following keystroke combinations:

CTRL+ALT+4
ALT and enter 0128 on the numeric keypad

If these keystrokes do not display the euro symbol, then it has not been fully installed on your system. If you cannot upgrade your system or printer to display the symbol, the fall back is to use the abbreviation EUR.

To enter the euro symbol as the base currency for Cashflow Plan, select *Setup | Enter Basic Model Info and use one of the above key combinations to enter the symbol. Note that the symbol may display as a thin vertical line on some worksheets due to their zoom settings. However, it will display correctly when printed and/or the zoom setting is increased.

If you insert a formula like "=$333" into a cell, this will be displayed by Excel as "$333". However, if you insert a formula like "=€333" into a cell, you may get an error message. The work around is to create a custom format via Format, Cells, Number as follows:
For Excel 95: From within the "Category" window, select "Custom" or "Currency", choose an appropriate format code, replace its currency symbol by the "€" symbol and press OK.
For Excel 97 and higher: From within the "Category" window, select "Currency", choose the "€" symbol from the pull down list and press OK.

Q. How do I run two Cashflow Plan models at the same time?
In theory, you could run Excel and then simply load the two Cashflow Plan files. However, this can lead to Cashflow Plan's toolbar getting confused !! A much better solution is to load the two Cashflow Plan files into separate copies of Excel (i.e. run Excel twice).

Q. How can I produce monthly cashflow projections extending beyond one year?
If you need monthly projections beyond one year, you should consider acquiring a copy of Exl-Plan Ultra or Ultra Plus, our fully-integrated financial planners. They create monthly projections for three years, quarterly projections for the following two years and, optional, annual projections for a further two years. Details and downloads. The following table shows the equivalent versions of Cashflow Plan and Exl-Plan:

Alternatively (but much less satisfactorily), you could use Cashflow Plan to generate two-year monthly projections by creating the first-year projections using one Cashflow Plan file and then use a second file to handle the second-year projections. You would need to either file link or directly insert the first-year's closing balance sheet data from the first file into the second file as the second year's opening balances.

Q. Could you explain in more detail about the Seasonal Index and the facility for allocating assumptions?
The Seasonal Index appears in certain Monthly Assumption Reports (Sales, DirCost and Ohead worksheets). It is used in conjunction with the menu option *Assumptions | Seasonal Assumptions to allocate an annual assumption value across months in accordance with a seasonal (monthly) profile defined by the user in the Seasonal Index. Let us illustrate its use with an example:
The first row in the table below sets out a Seasonal Index as entered by a user. This index could relate to any seasonal factor and its monthly total need not equal 100%. It could be derived from historic data or reflect expected trends. The second row shows how annual sales of 1,000 are automatically allocated using the Seasonal Assumptions facility based on the values specified for the Seasonal Index. This was done by placing the cursor in the cell for Jan's sales, selecting the *Assumptions | Seasonal Assumptions menu option and entering the value 1000.

Once the Seasonal Index has been defined, it can be used to allocate any monthly assumptions (sales, labor, inventory, costs, energy usage etc.) within a specific report.

Q. How can I tweak Cashflow Plan to handle cashflows which are exceptional or out-of-synch with expenses?
With Cashflow Plan, you can defer payment of expense items for up to four months by inserting integers (1, 2, 3 or 4) in the boxed single cells adjacent to the variable descriptions in the DirCost and Ohead worksheets. This means, for example, that you can show an item as an expense in January but defer payment until May. If you need to handle exceptional cashflows relating to capital or operating expense items, use the variables Changes (+/-) in Prepayments or Changes (+/-) in Accruals in the Fund worksheet to either accelerate or defer the related cash payments. To see how this works, enter a single easily recognizable value as a change in prepayments or accruals in Fund and then trace its impact in the Monthly Cashflows and Balance Sheets. Instead of entering simple numeric values in Fund, you could write complex formulae to link the changes in prepayments or accruals to variations in other variables.

Q. How can I make copies of selected reports in Cashflow Plan for non-users?
We suggest four methods of copying Cashflow Plan's reports for non-users. See also the answer to the next question which deals with incorporating Cashflow Plan reports into a Word document.

Method 1 - Create an Adobe PDF file
This is probably the ideal method as it can create a very attractive, compact, easy-to-access version of a Cashflow Plan file. Excel 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016, 365 have built in utilties to facilitate this. Basically, when saving a Cashflow Plan file, just select *.pdf as the fie type.

Also, if you temporarily set Excel's default printer to Adobe PDF (via File, Print, Printer), you will be able to use Cashflow Plan's Print menu to produce PDFs for individual reports or batches e.g. all assumption reports.

Method 2 - Copy & Paste Sheets
Only use this method if it is essential to create a values-only file. See below for an alternative (and much better) method. Bear in mind that it is not possible to supply a copy of an Cashflow Plan model file to a unlicensed user for technical and legal reasons. To make values-only copies of selected worksheets/reports for distribution to non-users as Excel files, proceed as follows:

1. Load the relevant Cashflow Plan file into Excel.
2. Create a new workbook file using Excel (File | New ...).
3. Within Cashflow Plan, unprotect and select a report to be copied and then copy it to the clipboard using Edit | Copy.
4. Switch to the new workbook file and use Edit | Paste Special ... Values to paste in the selected values (do not use Edit | Paste as this will paste links). Without changing the selected range, use Edit | Paste Special .... Formats to paste in the formats from Cashflow Plan (again, do not use Edit | Paste as this will paste links).
5. If using Excel 2000 (or higher versions), use Edit | Paste Special .... Column Widths to paste in the column widths used in Cashflow Plan (do not use Edit | Paste as this will paste links). Otherwise, set the column widths manually (for most reports, columns C-E & S should be hidden).
6. Repeat steps 3-5 for other reports.

This procedure will not work for the charts within Cashflow Plan as the charts will want to maintain their links back to Cashflow Plan. Instead, select a chart within Cashflow Plan and copy it to the clipboard, paste it into any Word document as a picture (using Edit | Paste Special ...) and then re-copy this picture from Word into Excel

Method 3 - Copy Worksheets
For technical and license reasons, it is not possible to simply email an Cashflow Plan XLS file to an unlicensed user. However, there are two workarounds. Obviously, the first option is for the unlicensed user to acquire their own licensed copy of the exact same version of Cashflow Plan. The second option is to create a static copy of some/all of the Cashflow Plan workbook. We confirm that this would not infringe the Cashflow Plan license agreement. The procedure is as follows (for Excel 97/2000/XP/2003):

1. Select all relevant worksheets in the Cashflow Plan file as a single group. Do this by selecting the tab for the first worksheet (e.g. FRONT), pressing SHIFT key and then selecting the tabs corresponding to the worksheets to be copied. All the selected tabs will now appear in white (instead of the normal dark color).
2. Right click on any of the whitened tab and select Move or Copy...
3. In the Move or Copy dialog, select the (new book) option within the pulldown menu for To book:; tick the Create a copy box; and then press OK. This process creates a new workbook called BOOK*.XLS. incorporating all the selected worksheets with their values and formatting intact and with some (but not all) of the underlying formulae.
4. From within the original file, right click on any whitened tab and select the option to Ungroup Sheets.
5. Save the new workbook file with a more appropriate file name. It is now ready for emailing. The following critical instructions should be given to the recipient:
   • When loading the file a message will appear indicating that "The workbook you opened contains automatic links ....". Press the No or Don't Update button in order to to keep the existing information.
   • Do not change any values or formulae within the file.
   • Do not press F9 to recalculate, or change the workbook from manual to automatic calculation.

Method 4 - Convert to Web Pages
With Excel 2000 (or higher versions) you can convert a entire Cashflow Plan file into a series of web pages which can be uploaded to the Internet or Intranet as explained below.

1. Unprotect all worksheets within the Cashflow Plan file via *Protection | Unprotect All Worksheets. Ignore the request for a password and click OK.
2. Select all worksheets within the Cashflow Plan file as a single group. Do this by selecting the tab for the first worksheet (e.g. FRONT), pressing SHIFT key and then selecting the tabs corresponding to the worksheets to be copied. All the selected tabs will now appear in white (instead of the normal dark color).
3. Right click on any of the whitened tab and select Move or Copy...
4. In the Move or Copy dialog, select the (new book) option within the pulldown menu for To book:; tick the Create a copy box; and then press OK. This process creates a new workbook called BOOK*.XLS. incorporating all the selected worksheets with their values and formatting intact and with some (but not all) of the underlying formulae.
5. From within the original file, right click on any whitened tab and select the option to Ungroup Sheets.
6. Switch to the newly created file and delete the FRONT and START worksheets by right clicking on their tabs and selecting Delete from the pop-up menu.
7. Finally, save this file as a series of web pages via File | Save as Web Page .... Be sure that Entire Workbook is checked and that Add Interactivity is unchecked. Give the web pages an appropriate title. Once saved as web pages, the Cashflow Plan results (within a newly created *.htm file and folder of the same name, for example, automatically called BOOK*.HTM and BOOK*_FILES respectively by Excel) can be published on the web.

To convert a single Cashflow Plan report into a web page the procedure is as follows:

1. Go the report and unprotect it using the "U" toolbar button.
2. Select File | Save as Web Page .... Be sure that Selection:Sheet is checked and that Add Interactivity is unchecked. Give the web page an appropriate title and file name. Once saved as a web page, the Cashflow Plan report (within a newly created *.htm file and folder of the same name, for example, automatically called PAGE*.HTM and PAGE*_FILES respectively by Excel) can be published on the web.
3. Repeat #1 and 2 to convert further reports into web pages.

Q. How can I insert reports and charts from Cashflow Plan into a financial report or plan being prepared with Word?
You can copy and paste any reports or charts from Cashflow Plan into a Word document by creating links. As a result, any changes to assumptions in Cashflow Plan will be automatically reflected in the report or chart inserted into the business plan. You will need to watch out for unlinked values which you quote as text in Word and which are not automatically updated. The only drawback is that you will break the links as a result of changing the Cashflow Plan file name when creating incremental backup files of your Cashflow Plan model. (Note: This approach is recommended as a safeguard in the event of errors creeping into the Cashflow Plan model.)

Alternatively, you might prefer to paste reports and charts into the Word document as static pictures. Obviously, this should be done once the Cashflow Plan's projections are absolutely final. To paste, copy the required report or chart in Cashflow Plan and then use Word's Edit | Paste Special … | Paste | Picture (depending on your version of Word, make sure that 'float over text' is not ticked) to insert the item into the Word document at the appropriate location. Some tips:

1. You will be able to resize the pasted picture by clicking on it and moving its corner handles.
2. Generally, you will want the pasted in picture to wrap in line with text. To do this, right click the pasted table and select Format Object | Layout.
3. Many of the tables and charts in Cashflow Plan's Textual Summary Report are ideally sized for pasting directly into a Word document.
4. To paste any of Cashflow Plan's wider tables (e.g. for 12 month projections) into a Word document, you will need to re-orientate it so that fits vertically within an A4- or Letter-size page. To do this, copy the table, paste it into Microsoft Paint, select Image | Flip/Rotate and rotate by 270 degrees and then paste the rotated table into Word. This approach works extremely well and is very professional looking. The only drawback is that it may result a very large Word file which could be a problem if the file needs to be emailed without being compressed. Each rotated picture may consume about three megs before compression.
5. Before editing text or hiding/unhiding rows/columns within an Cashflow Plan report to prepare it for copying in a Word document, save the file with a new name in case any unrecoverable mistakes occur. You must then unprotect the sheet that is being revised (press the "U" toolbar button). Finally, display column/row headers via Tools | Options | View to simplify the selection of rows and columns to be hidden.

Q. What is the easiest way to create annual projections for the first year with Cashflow Plan?
First-year projections are usually generated on a monthly basis. If you simply need annual projections for the first year, use the Monthly Assumption Reports and utilize the data-entry facilities for allocating annual values (over the twelve months) and for entering constant monthly values where pro-rata is inappropriate (e.g. for interest rates). These facilities are accessible via the Toolbar and *Assumptions menu. Of course, it would also be possible to use Quik-Plan to create high-level, first-year projections.

Q. Could you explain more about "negative" purchases?
Negative purchases can appear in the Monthly Assumptions Report No 2 (worksheet DirCost) within its schedule for Total Purchases. The following table illustrates how they can arise as a consequence of the interactions between a user's assumptions and Cashflow Plan's calculations.

In Case 1, there is no change between opening and closing inventory targets (100) and consequently purchases and requirements are identical (75). In Case 2, there is a planned reduction in inventory (100-60=40) and there is a resultant reduction in purchases (35) to meet the projected requirements (75). In Case 3, the desired reduction in inventory (100-10=90) exceeds projected requirements (75). The only way that this can be handled mathematically by Cashflow Plan is to create negative purchases (-15). The solution, illustrated in Case 4, is to increase the closing inventory to 25 based on the difference between the desired opening inventory (100) and the projected requirements (75). Resultant purchases are zero.

Negative purchases can be prevented by ensuring that planned reductions in each month's materials/goods inventories (in worksheet DirCost) never exceed that month's projected requirements.

To eliminate negative purchases, review the desired closing inventory targets for materials/goods (in worksheet DirCost) for each month (working from left to right) for each main sales group and check that the desired monthly reductions do not exceed the monthly requirements of goods/materials.

It is feasible to use formulae to automate the calculation of these inventory targets. For example, the inventory target for the first month could be set at, say, 50% of that month's Cost of materials/packaging or goods required. This formula could be replicated across the remaining months. The only drawback is that this 'one size fits all' formula could be inappropriate for months with big fluctuations in demand and it could generate negative purchases. Another approach would be to use a conditional formula to help eliminate negative purchase and, at the same time, gain better control over projected inventory levels. For example:

= if (current month's requirements - previous month's closing inventory >=0, 60, 20).
Note: Two conditional values (60 and 20) are shown here for illustrative purposes only. The appropriate conditional values can be derived from trial and error. The simplest approach is to enter best guesses for both values to address the terms of the conditional statement and recalcuate.

If negative purchases are encountered, increase one (or other) of the guessed value by the maximum value of negative purchases. As either (or both) conditions can cause negative purchases, the guessed value to be adjusted depends on the applicable condition. If, for the month which causes the greatest negative purchases, the month's requirements are greater than the previous month's closing inventory then add the value of the month's negative purchases to the first conditional value (e.g. 60 in above formula). Replicate this revised formula across all months. If any negative purchases remain, increase the second conditional value (e.g. 20) by the maximum value of negative purchases and replicate the revised formula.

If no negative purchases are encountered then then one or other of the conditional values could be reduced.

The formula works as follows: If the current month's requirements exceed the previous month's closing inventory, then the formula sets the month's closing inventory to the first (usually higher) conditional value (e.g. 60). If the current month's requirements are less than the previous month's closing inventory, the formula sets the closing inventory level to the second (lower) conditional value (e.g. 20).

Q. How can I get Cashflow Plan to handle factoring or invoice discounting?
To handle factoring or invoice discounting, the approach is to (a) set the debtor (receivables) credit period in the second table in worksheet RecPay for the relevant sales group(s) to "under one month" and (b) enter assumption values (or simple formulae) to calculate the interest or service costs for the facility within an existing assumptions' row in worksheets DirCost or Ohead. If unlocked, this row description may be retitled as "Discounting charges" or the assumption values may be added to other related assumptions within an assumptions row.

Q. How can I consolidate Cashflow Plan projections for several subsidiary companies?
Releases 1.3 (and higher) of Cashflow Plan Super and Ultra contain comprehensive tools for consolidating projections (i.e. cashflow and income statements plus forecast balance sheets) for subsidiary businesses using a special Report for Consolidation. This report is linked to an additional workbook (Cashflow Plan Consolidator) which facilitates the consolidation process and includes tools for changing currencies/ denominations and eliminating inter-company transactions. A Cashflow Plan Consolidator Guide is included in the download files for Cashflow Plan Super and Ultra.

Q. How do I phase out the receipt of an opening tax credit?
Cashflow Plan is set up to handle the payment of taxes (e.g. corporation taxes) which are shown as liabilities in the opening balance sheet. The phasing of these payments is done in the first table within Assumption Report No. 6 (RecPay worksheet) which will also handle the receipt of a tax credit. However, if you are using a version of Cashflow Plan prior to release 1.3 and try to phase in the receipt of a tax credit then an error message (Error in the phasing out of opening balance sheet items !) is reported. The workaround to handle the receipt of an opening tax credit is as follows:

1. Enter the opening tax credit as a negative value in the cell for Taxes in the Current Liabilities part of the opening balance sheet.
2. Go to the RecPay worksheet, unprotect it (press the "U" toolbar button) and display its row and column headers (via Tools | Options | View tab and select Row & column headers within the Window options).
3. Unhide the hidden column S and go to the cell in this column opposite Taxes due.
4. Edit the formula there by adding ABS with parenthesis i.e. ( ) around all four cell references as per the following example:
   =IF(OR(ABS(T13)>ABS(F13)*1.05,ABS(T13)<ABS(F13)*0.95),1,0).
5. Rehide column S and enter the phased receipts of the opening tax credit as negative values within the Taxes due row.

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3. Extending Cashflow Plan

Important: The online help and manual supplied with all versions of Cashflow Plan contain much more extensive guidance on changing and extending Cashflow Plan.

These FAQs are based on the menu system used by Excel 5, 7, 8, 95, 97, 2000, XP and 2003. If using Excel 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016, 365 with its new Ribbon interface, you may wish to consult the interactive Excel 2003 to Excel 2007 command reference guide (within Excel 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016's help) or get it on-line (or as a download) from Microsoft here.

Q. Is it easy to expand Cashflow Plan?
Yes. The upgraded commercial version can be easily customized by users. The manual and online help (Changing Cashflow Plan) both explain many ways for making simple and complex changes. It proposes a technique called plugging whereby a user's special requirements and additional projections can be plugged into an appropriate predefined row within Cashflow Plan. This is very simple and extremely powerful. Some specific examples:

• Within the Sales Assumptions Report (Sales), you can insert very detailed schedules of sales (by region, product, customer etc.) in the empty rows below the Report and then use simple formulae to plug the results into the boxed-in, cream-colored, assumption areas within the Report.
• In the Direct Costs Report (DirCost), the cost of materials (or purchases for resale) could be expanded to include a bill of materials and component costs with exchange rates etc.
• In the Direct Costs Report (DirCost) and Overhead Report (Ohead), there is provision for specify the number of people engaged in specific categories and their average monthly payroll costs. More detail could be generated in accompanying schedules showing the names of individuals and costs. All that is required in order to plug these details into the Cashflow Plan assumptions would be the head count and weighted average payroll cost.
• In other reports, it would be straightforward to draw up detailed schedules and plug the overall results into Cashflow Plan assumption rows. For example, these could cover fixed assets, capital expenditure, long-term loans etc.

See other answers in this section for more specific advice on expanding Cashflow Plan.

Q. Can I use formulae instead of values within Cashflow Plan's assumption areas?
Yes. Plugging-in as described in the previous question is an example of this. Another example would be to use formulae to calculate head counts for operations based on forecast sales (or production requirements) and productivity indices (e.g. units produced per person per month). These formulae are then inserted (instead of values) into the appropriate assumption areas within Cashflow Plan.

Q. How can I restructure Cashflow Plan's reports to include additional variables?
One solution would be to work through the various reports making changes to formulae as required. Obviously, this has to be done with great care to ensure that the integrity of Cashflow Plan is not disrupted. Another approach would be to (i) copy the contents of output reports into empty rows on their respective worksheets using simple cell references (like "=A16"), (ii) copy and paste (use Paste Special ... Formats) the original reports' formatting into the new reports and (iii) make all the desired changes within the copied reports. Although, it requires setting up, this approach may be more expedient in the long run as the underlying Cashflow Plan model is not disrupted and changes should be much easier to apply and be more evident.

Q. How do I generate financial projection reports in different languages and formats?
This is straightforward. First, select one version of Cashflow Plan as the primary planning system. Second, build the projections using this version. Third, use simple cell linking within Cashflow Plan to create the desired additional reports - see Changing Report Layouts in the manual or online help. Essentially, you create a new report below an existing English report with all the description items translated into the new language and with simple cell references to link values back into the calculated values in the English report. This approach eliminates to need to make changes to the supplied descriptions within an English report and ensures that the new language report is automatically updated as soon as Cashflow Plan recalculates. This methodology can also be used to create customized reports in English.

Q. How do I extend Cashflow Plan to handle purchases of intangible assets?
Cashflow Plan Micro, Lite and Plus allow a user to amortize intangible assets which have been included in the opening balance sheet. However, these versions do not permit a user to increase the investment in intangibles. The notes below explain how Cashflow Plan can be easily modified to handle such an investment. Note: Cashflow Plan Super and Ultra (release 1.3 or higher) include facilities within worksheet Fund that allow a user to handle purchases of intangible assets.

1. Go to the Fund worksheet and unprotect it. Use Tools | Options | View to display its row/column headers.
2. Select the entire row for "Intangible asset amortization" (or "Intangible asset writedowns" if using the UK/I format) and insert a new row. It should appear above the existing row. Use the "Unlock range" button to unlock the new row from Columns G to R. Enter a description in Column A of the new row e.g. "Investment in intangible assets".
3. Go to the Cash worksheet and unprotect it. Use Tools | Options | View to display its row/column headers.
4. Select the entire row "Operating lease payments" and insert a new row above it. Enter "Investment in intangible assets" in Column A of this new row. In Columns G to R, enter formulae which refer back to the corresponding cells in the recently inserted row in the Fund worksheet.
5. Enter summing formulae in Column T within the Cash worksheet by copying down the formula from the row immediately above into the new row. There is no need to change the monthly summing formulae as the values in the new row will be picked up automatically by the existing formulae.
6. Go to the Bal_US worksheet (or Bal_UK worksheet if using the UK/I format) and unprotect it. Extend the formula for "Net intangible assets" in Column G to include the value of "Investment in intangible assets" shown in Column G of the worksheet Cash. Replicate this formulae across the remaining months to Column R.

To handle the investment, enter its value in the new row of the Fund worksheet at the appropriate month and then provide for the cost of acquisition by issuing shares, increasing loans, or using cash/overdraft resources. The value of intangible assets can be amortized in subsequent months.

Q. How can I expand Cashflow Plan to incorporate detailed schedules for sales, labor, materials, expenses etc.?
Do this by creating these schedules within the empty rows below assumption reports and plugging their monthly totals into Cashflow Plan's designated assumption cells.

To create a basic schedule, e.g. to expand the detail for an expense item within the Monthly Assumption Report for Overhead Expenses (No. 3), proceed as follows:

1. Unprotect the worksheet (e.g. Ohead) using the "U" toolbar button and scroll down.
2. Working in empty rows below the text "Supplementary Data & Calculations" , create the desired schedule with descriptions in column A and assumption values in the corresponding monthly columns (G, H etc.).
3. Unlock the block of cells containing the monthly assumption values by using the "Unlock range" toolbar button. This will change their font color to blue and the cell backgrounds to creamish and will ensure that they are included in a roll-forward by Cashflow Plan.
4. Immediately below, insert SUM formulae for each monthly column to embrace the values in the unlocked cells.
5. Scroll back up to the relevant expense item within the Assumption Report and insert cell references (e.g. =G87) across the boxed-in, cream-colored row in order to plug-in the schedule's SUM formulae.

For some variables, it may be necessary to create more extensive schedules to include quantities (e.g. headcounts or units of consumption) and rates (e.g. payroll costs or unit prices) and to calculate weighted average rates. The following example shows how this is done in the case of staffing variables (headcounts and payroll cost/person) within the Monthly Assumption Report for Overhead Expenses (No. 3):

1. Unprotect the worksheet (e.g. Ohead) using the "U" toolbar button and scroll down.
2. Working in empty rows below the text "Supplementary Data & Calculations" , create three simple schedules with descriptions in column A and a mix of assumption values and formulae in the corresponding monthly columns (G, H etc.) along the following lines:
   
   

   	Row	A	G
   First schedule	90	Staff headcount:
   	91	- Grade A	2
   	92	- Grade B	3
   	93	- Grade C	4
   	94	Total staff headcount	=SUM(G90:G93)
   	95
   Second schedule	96	Staff payroll/benefit cost (US$000/person/month):
   	97	- Grade A	3.0
   	98	- Grade B	2.5
   	99	- Grade C	7.2
   	100
   Third schedule	101	Total staff costs (US$000/month):
   	102	- Grade A	=G91*G97
   	103	- Grade B	=G92*G98
   	104	- Grade C	=G93*G99
   	105	Total staff costs	=SUM(G101:G104)
   	106
   	107	Weighted average payroll/benefit cost (US$000/person/month)	=G105/G94

3. Unlock all the cells within these schedules which contain assumption values by using the "Unlock range" toolbar button. This will change their font color to blue and the cell backgrounds to creamish and will ensure that they are included in a roll-forward by Cashflow Plan.
4. Scroll back up to the relevant assumption variables within the Assumption Report and insert cell references for headcount (e.g. =G94) and payroll/benefit costs (e.g. =G107) across the designated boxed-in, cream-colored rows.

These two approaches can be readily adapted to suit a wide range of other situations, for example, detailed sales volume/price schedules or material cost analyses. Where practicable, it is always preferable to create or include detailed schedules within Cashflow Plan by either using empty rows below assumption reports or inserting extra worksheets. This avoids the need to create file links and manage assumptions dispersed across several files.

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4. Common & Unusual Problems

Note that the supplied online help, README.DOC file and manual are the primary sources of assistance for dealing with common problems. These FAQs are based on the menu system used by Excel 5, 7, 8, 95, 97, 2000, XP and 2003. If using Excel 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016, 365 with its new Ribbon interface, you may wish to consult the interactive Excel 2003 to Excel 2007 and 2010 command reference guide (within Excel 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016's help) or get it on-line (or as a download) from Microsoft here.

Q. After I enter monthly sales assumptions in Cashflow Plan, why are these correctly reflected in the Income Statements (P&Ls) but no corresponding cash inflows appear in the Cashflow Projections?
This can arise where (a) all values have been cleared from an Cashflow Plan model; and (b) sales assumptions have been entered into the Assumptions Report No. 1 - Sales; and (c) no further assumption have been entered into other monthly assumption reports. This condition gives rise to the following calculation error message when the model re-calculates: "The four sub-models are not producing identical results !".
In addition to entering the sales assumptions, you need to specify customer credit terms by completing the lower table in Assumptions Report No. 6 - Receivables, Payables & Phasing of Opening Balances. Once this has been done and the model updated, the cashflows relating to sales (and any associated output taxes e.g. VAT, GST) will appear in the monthly cashflows. The cashflows will be calculated in accordance with the credit terms specified in Report No. 6.

Q. Why can't I change the formatting within a report?
First, you must unprotect the worksheet that you wish to modify. To do this, click the "U" button in Cashflow Plan's toolbar.

Q. Why do I see an error message "This command only operates when Cashflow Plan is the active workbook." ?
Either, you are trying to access an Cashflow Plan menus from a non-Cashflow Plan workbook (solution: make the Cashflow Plan workbook active) or you have added a worksheet in front (to left) of the supplied FRONT worksheet (solution: move the new worksheet to behind FRONT).

Q. Why does a second copy of Cashflow Plan load when I click on Cashflow Plan's toolbar?
This arises because the second copy has the same file name as the first copy but is located in different folder. To resolve, close the second copy and then reset the toolbar for the first copy by *Setup | Reset Toolbar Buttons. To prevent this recurring, don't use two different Cashflow Plan files with the same file names at the same time.

Q. Why does my copy of Excel cease to calculate immediately after I have finished using Cashflow Plan?
This arises because Cashflow Plan switches Excel from automatic to manual calculation (to speed up data entry and facilitate its error-trapping). To restore automatic calculation, restart Excel or simply use Tools | Options | Calculation | Automatic.

Q. How can I get rid of ############?
#### signifies that values cannot be displayed inside a cell. There are several simple solutions depending on whether the ####### appear on the screen or in a printed report. Tip: Print a report to see if the ###### appear there as well as on the screen.

If ####### only appear on the screen, try changing the zoom setting for the report using Cashflow Plan's *Tools/Setup menu options, or Excel's View | Zoom, or click the "+" button to the right of Cashflow Plan's toolbar.

If this does not work or the problem arises in printed reports, you can change the column widths. To do this, you will need to unprotect the worksheet. Then use Tools | Options View to turn on the row/column headings and change the column widths as required. You can also change widths via Format | Columns.

If you don't want to widen columns too much because of page width problems when printing, another solution is to change the number format for the page - remove the coma separator for thousands (e.g. change 1,000 to 1000); eliminate any bold fonts; and/or reduce the decimal places displayed. Changing format is often the easiest and best solution.

A further solution is to widen columns and change the print orientation for individual "problem" reports from portrait to landscape (via File | Page Setup | Page). The only drawback with this solution is that reports may be spread over two-three landscaped pages instead of one for portrait.

If the ##### are very extensive, you may need to consider changing the basic currency denomination (e.g. from 000s to Mlns) used by Cashflow Plan (via *Setup | Basic Model Info). If you do this, you will need to revise all the assumption values.

Final comment: 000s is the most widely used currency denomination by Cashflow Plan users rather than single units e.g US$000 rather than US$. The latter is only really applicable if you have a micro business with annual sales of less than, say, US$100,000.  If you use US$000, you can still enter detailed values to the nearest dollar e.g. enter 147,567 as 147.567  (note decimal point). Cashflow Plan will display this as 147.6 but it will use 147.567 in calculations. This makes the presentation of reports much clearer and avoids spurious accuracy issues. It also avoids the need to widen columns which could lead to very small font sizes being used in reports when printed with portrait orientation.

Q. Why did I get a message "Unable to clear all assumption values."?
This message may appear when Quik-Plan is being run or when assumption reports are being cleared. It usually indicates that Cashflow Plan encountered formulae within boxed-in assumption areas in an assumption report or the opening balance sheet (Bal). By design, Cashflow Plan will not automatically clear these formulae in case they are important. Review each assumption report and the opening balance sheet (Bal) to find these formulae and then either delete them or lock them using *Protection | Lock Range. Bear in mind that the cell entry "=305" (ignore the "") is treated as a formula whereas the entry "305" (without the = sign) is not a formula and will be automatically cleared.

Q. How do I get Cashflow Plan's special toolbar to appear?
Cashflow Plan's special toolbar (Cash-plan) is attached to Cashflow Plan's XLS files and should appear automatically whenever a Cashflow Plan XLS file loads. Unfortunately, Excel's binding of toolbars to XLS files is weak and, in some circumstances, the Cashflow Plan toolbar may get "lost". This usually only happens if a user renames a Cashflow Plan XLS file using Explorer. To get around this renaming problem, load the XLS file into Excel and then save it with a new name. The following measures should restore Cashflow Plan's special toolbar:

1. Load Cashflow Plan and use View | Toolbars to display a list of available toolbars. If Cash-plan is listed as a toolbar but not selected, tick it.
2. If the Cash-plan toolbar is not listed or does not appear after ticking, select the menu option "Reset Toolbar Buttons" within the *Setup menu. Allow a few moments for this resetting to take place.
3. If the Cash-plan toolbar still does not appear, try #1 above again. If the Cash-plan toolbar is still not listed, try reattaching it to Excel using the supplied TOOLCASH.XLS file. This file will be found in the folder to which you first installed Cashflow Plan (i.e. CASH*). To use TOOLCASH.XLS, close any open copy of Cashflow Plan and then load TOOLCASH.XLS into Excel. It will use macros to automatically reattach the toolbar to Excel. Close Excel, reload it and then rerun Cashflow Plan.
4. If the Cash-plan toolbar still does not appear, load Cashflow Plan and use View | Toolbars to display a list of available toolbars. If Cash-plan is listed as a toolbar but not selected, tick it. You may also need to select the menu option "Reset Toolbar Buttons" within the *Setup (or *Tools/Setup) menu - allow a few moments for this resetting to take place.

If needs be, see also the response to the question immediately below and the discussion on "Cashflow Plan loses its Customized CASH-PLAN Toolbar" further down in 5. Fixes for Cashflow Plan.

Q. How should I respond to the message "Cashflow Plan could not find its customized toolbar. Refer to accompanying README file for further info."?
In certain exceptional circumstances, Cashflow Plan may display this message when loading. We supply a simple fix to reattach the Cashflow Plan toolbar to Excel and overcome this problem which is related to changes in the file formats for Excel 5/95 and 97/2000/XP/2003. An Excel file (TOOLCASH.XLS) located in the folder to which Cashflow Plan was first installed (i.e. CASH*) contains this fix with instructions. To use TOOLCASH.XLS, load it into Excel and it will automatically reattach the toolbar. If using the fix, you might wish to refer to the notes further down about 'hanging' for explanations and to prevent recurrences of the problem.

Q. Why do I encounter an 'out of memory' message when my PC has plenty of RAM ?
Even with 64 Mb (or more) of RAM, it is possible to run out of memory due to memory leakage and/or running too many applications simultaneously. The main solutions/fixes to this problem are listed below:

1. Close down and reboot - this usually solves the problem.
2. Quit non-essential programs when starting Windows and run Excel as the first program after loading Windows. If not restarting Windows, close all non-essential programs.
3. Remove Excel add-ins which you don't use - select Tools | Add-ins and deselect the add-ins you don't need.
4. Try setting the zoom to 100% before you use *Tools/Setup | Basic Info (Apparently Excel does not like zoom settings other than 100% !!!!). Once changed, restore the zoom setting to the default using the Cashflow Plan *Tools/Setup menu.
5. If you have added charts to Cashflow Plan, you may have hit the infamous Excel 97 resource-gobbling charts problem. Don't add additional charts to Cashflow Plan as these can be very memory intensive. You may also be able to work around this limit by moving some of your additional charts from your Cashflow Plan workbook into a separate workbook. Note that charts moved to another workbook remain linked to the data in the original workbook.
6. Turn off virus protection. Does that change anything? Turn it back on. If it makes a difference some people have turned off McAfee Virus Shield from scan "all files" to scan "program files only" to resolve memory problems. If that helps, it would be a good idea to check McAfee site to see if you can find more information.
7. Screen Savers and backgrounds consume resources. Try turning off your screen saver.
8. HP printers can cause memory problems because their drivers do not release system resources. Even if you just do a Page Setup and do not print, this will cause problems. HP692 drivers and some other HP drivers according to MS will cause OS resource memory loss. It is possible that the latest version of the printer driver will correct the problem. More info at the Microsoft Knowledge Base at http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q165/9/85.ASP
9. Reduce the number of colors the video driver is set to (256 is enough for most spreadsheets, although the desktop won't look too pretty). Consider disabling any unnecessary video features/acceleration or updating your video drivers.
10. Make sure Virtual Memory is on and consider increasing Virtual Memory (take note of the initial settings if you wish to restore them).
    Windows 95/98: Right-click the My Computer icon on the desktop, and then click Properties on the shortcut menu. Click the Performance tab. Click Virtual Memory. Click to select "Let Windows manage my virtual memory settings (recommended)." Click OK, and then click Close.
    Windows NT: Right-click the My Computer icon on the desktop. Click Properties on the shortcut menu. Click the Performance tab. Click Change. In the Virtual Memory dialog box, you can change the parameters for your paging file (initial size, maximum size, and so on). After you change the settings, click Set, and then click OK. Click Close. More info at the Microsoft Knowledge Base at http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q199/3/40.ASP.
11. More info about Methods for Conserving GDI Resources at the Microsoft Knowledge Base at http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q102/4/38.ASP.

Q. What can I do if a GPF occurs when using Cashflow Plan and I can only reopen my file as 'read-only'?
If you encounter an Excel General Protection Fault ("Illegal operation" stuff) then the file in used is not marked "closed" by Excel/Windows. Restarting Excel will only permit read-only access to this file. Restarting Windows usually sorts out the problem. If it doesn't, open the file as read-only and save it with another name. If you can write after that, delete the original file and rename new file back to the original file name.

Q. Why can't I copy a chart or selected ranges from Cashflow Plan into Word?
Before using the copy function in Cashflow Plan, you must unprotect the worksheet that you wish to copy from. To do this, click the "U" button in Cashflow Plan's toolbar.

Q. One of my Cashflow Plan XLS files contains links to another file but I cannot find the links?
Links in an Excel file are not evident. One solution is to search the linked file for any formulae containing "[" (left square bracket without the ""). This will display links in the form [xxx.xls!xxxx] one at a time. If desired, replace the linked cells by their underlying values (i.e. Edit | Copy and Edit | Paste Special .. Values)

Q. When trying to print reports, I get an error message "Cannot shift objects off sheet" or Cashflow Plan fails to hide columns in certain reports?
This is an Excel problem which can arise after you have inserted Comments within the body of a monthly output report. It will manifest itself when Cashflow Plan's macros fail to correctly hide certain columns to produce a compacted report, for example, to hide all monthly columns when printing a full-year output report. To confirm the source of the problem, go to the relevant sheet and hide a series of columns in order to provoke the message "Cannot shift objects off sheet". From our experimentation, the problem seems to almost occur at random.

The simplest solutions are to (a) place all new comments relating to a particular row into a comment inserted into column A for that row and/or (b) relocate existing comments within columns G-R etc. into a new comment inserted in column A. See also Microsoft's solution at http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;q170081.

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5. Fixes for Cashflow Plan

The existence of this item about bug fixes should not alarm users. We test Cashflow Plan very extensively before release but inevitably the odd minor problems may escape our very best endeavors. It is our policy to disclose any identified or reported problems/errors.

No fixes needed or problems reported as all versions are very stable and running satisfactorily (thank goodness!). If you are using Excel 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016, 365 and need guidance on its new interface and procedures, see the FAQ and Checklist for Excel 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016, 365 and Windows 7.

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